Akkusativ mise dative? Hab cad oo lagu doorto
Jooji isku qasidda den iyo dem. Hab go'aan qaadasho oo wax ku ool ah oo loogu talagalay German accusative iyo dative cases, iyadoo la adeegsanayo su'aalaha jawaabta keena.
Accusative iyo dative waa laba ka mid ah afarta German cases, waxayna khaldaan ku dhowaad qof kasta oo wax baranaya. Sirta ma aha inaad xafiddo jadwalo aan dhammaad lahayn, balse waa inaad waydiiso su'aasha saxda ah ee ku saabsan doorka magacu ku leeyahay jumladda.
Accusative = tooska object-ka (wen/was?)
Accusative wuxuu calaamadeeyaa shayga uu falka si toos ah u saameeyo. Weydii wen oder was? (yaa ama maxay?). Ich sehe den Mann — waxaan arkayaa yaa? den Mann. Kaliya qodobka labka ayaa si muuqata isu beddela: der → den.
Dative = qaataha (wem?)
Dative wuxuu calaamadeeyaa indirect object-ka — badanaa qaataha ama ka faa'iidaystaha. Weydii wem? (yaa loo?). Ich gebe dem Mann das Buch — buugga waxaan siinayaa yaa? dem Mann. Halkan jinsiyadaha oo dhan way isu beddelaan: der/das → dem, die → der, plural → den (+n on the noun).
U daa falka iyo preposition-ka inay go'aamiyaan
- Falal mar walba dative ah: helfen, danken, gefallen, gehören, antworten — ku baro kuwaas sidii liis go'an.
- Prepositions mar walba dative ah: mit, nach, aus, zu, von, bei, seit.
- Prepositions mar walba accusative ah: durch, für, gegen, ohne, um.
- Two-way prepositions (in, an, auf, über…): accusative waxaa loo adeegsadaa dhaqaaq u socda meel, dative-na meel go'an.
Markaad la kulanto fal cusub, isla markiiba dhiniciisa ku qor case-ka uu qaato. helfen + dative waa hal xaqiiqo; inaad shan jeer dib u barato waa shan xaqiiqo.
Su’aalaha inta badan la isweydiiyo
Sideen si degdeg ah ugu kala saaraa accusative iyo dative?
Weydii su'aasha: wen/was? waxay tilmaamaysaa accusative (direct object), wem? waxay tilmaamaysaa dative (qaataha). Kadib hubi in fal ama preposition go'an uu khasbayo mid ka mid ah cases-ka.
Maxay prepositions qaarkood u qaataan labada case?
Two-way prepositions waxay tilmaamaan meel ama jiho. Dhaqdhaqaaq u socda meel la beegsanayo wuxuu qaataa accusative; meel taagan waxay qaadataa dative. Wohin? = accusative, wo? = dative.